بررسی برخی اعلام غزلیات شمس

Introduction

Every poetic divan and every poetic system of thought is a reflection of the poet's living conditions. The culture, religion, creed, profession, studies, and specific circumstances of each poet are reflected in their poetry. Rumi is no exception to this rule. Apart from literary and poetic images, Shams ghazals of Rumi are full of religious, historical, and cultural information. This information is derived from his life conditions. The inclusion of this information in Rumi's poetry has made understanding some verses conditional on knowing this information. One of the themes used in Rumi's ghazals is the use of proper nouns. Some of these proper names are clear and do not require new research, but some of them are unknown and sometimes ambiguous. Understanding some of Rumi's verses also requires understanding these specific names and the narrations related to them. The vastness of Rumi's studies and his biocultural background has made him benefit from this statement. Examples of these proper names are sometimes found only in Rumi's Divan.

Literature Review

Regarding the research background, Badi' al-Zaman Foruzanfar is ahead of everyone. In the explanation section of Shams's general research, he has provided explanations for many words, including proper nouns. He either provided inadequate explanations for some of the proper nouns or ignored some of the proper nouns. This is due to the difficult days he spent researching this great work. In some other works, such as the selection of Rumi's ghazals by Shafi'i Kadkani, some of the declarations have been noted in a vague and brief form. Inconsistent and insufficient information is also mentioned in secondary works such as those of Zarrin Koob and Abedi. Apart from these sources, there is not much good material available for solving problems related to proper nouns. Therefore, the present research is one of the pioneering studies in this field.

Methodology

The research method in this study is generally library-based. First, the desired proper noun was selected as an entry from Shams's ghazals. Then, the research conducted on that specific name was reviewed and criticized. Finally, the specific name in question was examined by referring to library sources such as historical and narrative books. This study clarified the ambiguous space of the proper noun under study. The results of this research also shed light on the poetry's atmosphere.

Discussion

In Rumi's poems, he sometimes uses specific names, the ambiguity of which makes his poems ambiguous. Sometimes this ambiguity is about the proper noun itself, meaning it is not clear who or what the noun is used for. Paratextual studies ultimately clarify who the specific name in question is and what its function is in the context of Rumi's poetry. Sometimes the proper noun used is clear, but the narrative context in which it is used is ambiguous. Research into the narrative in question helps Rumi's poetry gain a clear meaning. Sometimes Rumi's use of proper nouns also reflects his way of thinking. One of the specific names discussed in this research is "Ulayyaneh", a quasi-mad figure in some narrative and mystical books. The other is "Hisham ibn Mughirah", one of the polytheist leaders of Quraysh, whose name is among those killed in the Battle of Badr. Another specific name is "Bani-Kananah" from Arab tribes whose historical adventures date back to before and after Islam. "Wael" is also one of the tribes whose long adventures between the branches of this tribe have been legendary among the Arabs. "Khawaja Nasaj Bukhari" was one of the less famous mystics who is reflected in ghazals of Shams. "Abu al-Ma'ali Juwayni" is another statement worth examining, and clarifying aspects related to his narrations sheds light on Rumi's poems. "Damiriyat" is one of the marginalia of the Prophet Solomon, although Rumi did not mention his name and included a story about him in a verse. And "Boubakr Rababi" is one of the cultural figures used by Rumi in his poems.

Conclusion

A review of some of the declarations in library sources primarily clarified the ambiguous space of the proper name. Examining some of the statements in library sources in all the poems clarified the space of the poem. Some examples, such as "Khawaja Nasaj Bukhari", "Boubakr Rababi", and "Alian", have either been incorrectly explained in previous sources and research or have been left with general explanations. In some cases, no research had been conducted at all regarding some of the announcements and this research was the gateway to this announcement; "Wa'il" and "Bani-Kananah" are examples of this. Some of the statements, despite being clear, required narrative explanation in a specific case to clarify the atmosphere of the verse, an example of which is "Abu al-Ma'ali Juwayni". All the studies ultimately resulted in clarifying the meaning of some of the verses.