The current article reviews the nature of the novel, as a literary type that has the most similarities with the modern era, and an overview of its main features; That is, formal realism, which is the distinguishing feature of the novel from other types of ancient narratives, discusses the contexts and effective factors in the emergence of the Persian novel, and while pondering the relationship between the Persian novel and the Western novel and evaluating the conflicting opinions in this regard, it explains the effective factors in the emergence and flourishing of the Persian novel: factors such as modernity and modernization of Iranian society, the emergence and development of the printing industry, the emergence and growth of the Persian press, translation, and most importantly, the idea of nationalism as a dominant discourse that while supporting the novel, uses it to promote and deepen its value system.
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