نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی
نویسنده
دانشگاه تهران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
One of the variants of verbs in the Persian language is the prefixal verbs. These verbs have been in the Persian language from ancient times. In the present study, the function of prefixal verbs and their influence on verb structures are studied and analyzed through different perspectives. Historical-Comparative analysis is the methodology of the study’s historical linguistic pursuit. The objective of the present study is to review historical, grammatical and syntactical developments of verbal prefixes and exemplify some of the variations of such verbs in a number of prominent Dari texts written in Old Persian and Middle Persian. At first, phonetic and historical developments of verbal prefixes have been analyzed in Dari and Old Persian. In Avestan and Old Persian, 21 verbal prefixes have existed. Apart from having a prefixal function, these prefixes have also been used as adverbs and prepositions. In Middle Persian, these prefixes have either become obsolete or lost their prefixal function in verbs. In Middle Persian, other linguistic structures such as adverbs, adjectives and prepositions of Old Persian were used instead of verbal prefixes. The substitute words are used as semantic modifiers before verbs.In the second stage of the study, semantic function of verbal prefixes is analyzed. Through this perspective, these prefixes can be categorized into three groups: prefixes used in the core meaning of the verbs, prefixes that do not change the meaning and only add an emphatic aspect to verbs, and prefixes that change the meanings of verbs.In the third stage, the semantic function of verbal prefixes in relation to verb structures and their affiliations are analyzed. Finally, application frequencies of prefixal verbs and simple verbs are surveyed through utilization of tables and charts
کلیدواژهها [English]