Shahid Beheshti University Journal of History of Literature 2008-7349 14 2 2021 12 22 Estimating the Dates of Fath-Ali Khan Sabā’s Birth and the Composing of Shahanshahnameh Estimating the Dates of Fath-Ali Khan Sabā’s Birth and the Composing of Shahanshahnameh 5 18 102052 10.52547/hlit.2022.222750.1049 FA Reza Zarrinkamar Postdoctoral researcher, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran Reza Sattari Associated professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Mazandaran, Iran Journal Article 2021 07 10 Sabā’s Shahnshahnameh as the first historical-literary source of Iran-Russia wars, is one of the works that represent the close relationship between understanding the text and its historical context; in such a way that knowing the exact date of this poem’s composition - which depends on an accurate estimate of the poet’s birth - plays a significant role in understanding the events mentioned in the work. Also, the importance of a primary historical source as Shahanshahnameh is related to the time span between the narration of events, and when incidents actually occurred. Although both Sabā and his masterpiece, Shahanshahnameh, are so prominent, there are not enough crucial details available of the personal and literary life of Fath-Ali Khan Sabā, poet laureate of Fath-Ali Shah’s Court. Among the unknown or erroneous historical facts about Sabā’s life are his date of birth, and the composing time of his notable poem: Shahanshahnameh. In the circumstances that no primary source had mentioned these dates, the subsequent resources have been forced to estimate them, and unfortunately, they have made mistakes in their estimations. In the present study, the data are collected through Research Library Method; the collected data from the written sources was compared and analyzed. The results of this research are that Sabā was born in 1176 AH. He had been composing Shahanshahnameh at the period of 1221 to 1225 AH. and subsequently, he probably had been writing Khodavandnameh from 1226 to 1229 AH. Thus, Shahanshahnameh is the first available text about the first round of Iran-Russia wars. This Poem is the only source that has reported events simultaneously. Sabā’s Shahnshahnameh as the first historical-literary source of Iran-Russia wars, is one of the works that represent the close relationship between understanding the text and its historical context; in such a way that knowing the exact date of this poem’s composition - which depends on an accurate estimate of the poet’s birth - plays a significant role in understanding the events mentioned in the work. Also, the importance of a primary historical source as Shahanshahnameh is related to the time span between the narration of events, and when incidents actually occurred. Although both Sabā and his masterpiece, Shahanshahnameh, are so prominent, there are not enough crucial details available of the personal and literary life of Fath-Ali Khan Sabā, poet laureate of Fath-Ali Shah’s Court. Among the unknown or erroneous historical facts about Sabā’s life are his date of birth, and the composing time of his notable poem: Shahanshahnameh. In the circumstances that no primary source had mentioned these dates, the subsequent resources have been forced to estimate them, and unfortunately, they have made mistakes in their estimations. In the present study, the data are collected through Research Library Method; the collected data from the written sources was compared and analyzed. The results of this research are that Sabā was born in 1176 AH. He had been composing Shahanshahnameh at the period of 1221 to 1225 AH. and subsequently, he probably had been writing Khodavandnameh from 1226 to 1229 AH. Thus, Shahanshahnameh is the first available text about the first round of Iran-Russia wars. This Poem is the only source that has reported events simultaneously.

https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_102052_9c4bb5ae42649e38328ce95c07849ed6.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Journal of History of Literature 2008-7349 14 2 2021 12 22 Persian Studies in The Asiatick Miscellany and The New Asiatic Miscellany, Two British Periodicals of the Late Eighteenth Century Persian Studies in The Asiatick Miscellany and The New Asiatic Miscellany, Two British Periodicals of the Late Eighteenth Century 19 40 102241 10.52547/hlit.2022.226242.1104 FA Gelareh Moradi Iranian Studies Department, Iranology Foundation, Shahid Beheshti University Ali Shahidi Assistant Professor, Department of Ancient Iranian Culture and Languages, Department of Iranian Studies, University of Tehran. Journal Article 2022 02 27 In the late eighteenth century, the efforts of the British East India Company agents to learn Persian to consolidate their dominance in India, led to the flourishing of studies in the fields of Persian language and literature, codicology, and the history of Iran. In this paper, the role of two pioneer periodicals published in Calcutta by Francis Gladwin, The Asiatick Miscellany (1785-1788) and The New Asiatic Miscellany (1789), is examined in the progress of Persian studies. To this end, the archives of these two periodicals were gathered and accurately studied to discover the motive for their establishment and identify the process of selecting, translating, and describing the excerpts of Persian literary works of Iranian and Indian writers. Afterward, the formation of the first research works in The New Asiatic Miscellany is discussed and the impact of these two publications on the familiarity of the British with the Persian language and literature is studied. The correspondence related to the two periodicals reveals that despite their considerable popularity, the commencement of the attempts to reduce the status of Persian, the administrative and literary language of the Mughals, paved the way for the closure of the two periodicals. But the wave of translating and imitating the Persian literary works launched with the help of these publications flourished the Persian language and literature studies in nineteenth-century Britain. In the late eighteenth century, the efforts of the British East India Company agents to learn Persian to consolidate their dominance in India, led to the flourishing of studies in the fields of Persian language and literature, codicology, and the history of Iran. In this paper, the role of two pioneer periodicals published in Calcutta by Francis Gladwin, The Asiatick Miscellany (1785-1788) and The New Asiatic Miscellany (1789), is examined in the progress of Persian studies. To this end, the archives of these two periodicals were gathered and accurately studied to discover the motive for their establishment and identify the process of selecting, translating, and describing the excerpts of Persian literary works of Iranian and Indian writers. Afterward, the formation of the first research works in The New Asiatic Miscellany is discussed and the impact of these two publications on the familiarity of the British with the Persian language and literature is studied. The correspondence related to the two periodicals reveals that despite their considerable popularity, the commencement of the attempts to reduce the status of Persian, the administrative and literary language of the Mughals, paved the way for the closure of the two periodicals. But the wave of translating and imitating the Persian literary works launched with the help of these publications flourished the Persian language and literature studies in nineteenth-century Britain.

https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_102241_ef1f99b0cc45f9c72d5cd6dec62ef83e.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Journal of History of Literature 2008-7349 14 2 2021 12 22 The Study of Euphemism in Shahnameh: A Semantic Approach The Study of Euphemism in Shahnameh: A Semantic Approach 41 64 102147 10.52547/hlit.2022.220807.1022 FA Sayfollah Mollaye Pashaye Assistant Professor, Department of Linguistics, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Kheironnesa Mohammadpour Assistant Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2021 02 22 The present study investigates the mechanisms of euphemism in Shahnameh. It is assumed that euphemism is the conscious or unconscious substitution of harsh, unpleasant, or embarrassing taboo words for a mild or indirect word or expression, used to reduce the negative sense and therefore keep the image of the audience and social self-concept. Accordingly, euphemism is closely related to the concept of politeness. Having extracted instances of euphemism and their literal meaning, we analyzed the contextual meaning of euphemism according to Warren’s (1992) classification. The results indicate that metaphor, vague term, circumlocution, semantic implication, metonymy, particularization, and reversal are respectively the most frequent mechanisms for creating novel contextual meaning. The significance of the study can be found first of all in the frequent and skillful use of taboo words in Persian classic poetic and prose texts; then, lack of attention or understanding of the contextual meaning of euphemisms by some commentators of Shahnameh; and finally, the lack of systematic linguistic research in understanding euphemism in Shahnameh. The present study investigates the mechanisms of euphemism in Shahnameh. It is assumed that euphemism is the conscious or unconscious substitution of harsh, unpleasant, or embarrassing taboo words for a mild or indirect word or expression, used to reduce the negative sense and therefore keep the image of the audience and social self-concept. Accordingly, euphemism is closely related to the concept of politeness. Having extracted instances of euphemism and their literal meaning, we analyzed the contextual meaning of euphemism according to Warren’s (1992) classification. The results indicate that metaphor, vague term, circumlocution, semantic implication, metonymy, particularization, and reversal are respectively the most frequent mechanisms for creating novel contextual meaning. The significance of the study can be found first of all in the frequent and skillful use of taboo words in Persian classic poetic and prose texts; then, lack of attention or understanding of the contextual meaning of euphemisms by some commentators of Shahnameh; and finally, the lack of systematic linguistic research in understanding euphemism in Shahnameh.

https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_102147_aef0b6fa45e8a89772bd9ca120d1b1ce.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Journal of History of Literature 2008-7349 14 2 2021 12 22 Explaining the Causal Relations of the Effective Categories In the Stylistic Theory of Malek osh-Shoʻarā Bahār Explaining the Causal Relations of the Effective Categories In the Stylistic Theory of Malek osh-Shoʻarā Bahār 65 84 102053 10.52547/hlit.2022.220753.1020 FA Rezvan Vatankhah PhD in Persian Language and Literature, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Khatami Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0003-4902-2772 Mohammad Gholamrezaei Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2021 02 17 The style, stylistics, and its methodology do not have a clear definition in Iran yet. Although nearly seventy years have passed since the emergence of stylistics in Iran, the theoretical stylistic approach of its creator, Malek osh-Shoʻarā Bahār, has not been properly explained. It is suggested that his theoretical approach be studied through qualitative content analysis and soft operational research based on interpretivism primarily, to present a schematic, measurable and generalizable model. Then, in order to explain the causal relations of the effective categories in his theory, a questionnaire should be prepared for the experts to answer and the existing relations should be analyzed by DEMETEL. Data analysis shows that Malek osh-Shoʻarā Bahār's theory has 6 main categories, the most influential of which are “science and knowledge”, “literary knowledge and continuum” and “culture”, and the most susceptible of them are “researching style”, “the study of literary currents” and “style”. The result of the study reinforces the hypotheses and models of previous related research. The final matrix shows that “science and knowledge” is the independent factor and “research style” is the dependent factor. This article, in addition to showing the main categories of Bahār’s stylistic approach, can also change the research methodology in Persian language and literature. The style, stylistics, and its methodology do not have a clear definition in Iran yet. Although nearly seventy years have passed since the emergence of stylistics in Iran, the theoretical stylistic approach of its creator, Malek osh-Shoʻarā Bahār, has not been properly explained. It is suggested that his theoretical approach be studied through qualitative content analysis and soft operational research based on interpretivism primarily, to present a schematic, measurable and generalizable model. Then, in order to explain the causal relations of the effective categories in his theory, a questionnaire should be prepared for the experts to answer and the existing relations should be analyzed by DEMETEL. Data analysis shows that Malek osh-Shoʻarā Bahār's theory has 6 main categories, the most influential of which are “science and knowledge”, “literary knowledge and continuum” and “culture”, and the most susceptible of them are “researching style”, “the study of literary currents” and “style”. The result of the study reinforces the hypotheses and models of previous related research. The final matrix shows that “science and knowledge” is the independent factor and “research style” is the dependent factor. This article, in addition to showing the main categories of Bahār’s stylistic approach, can also change the research methodology in Persian language and literature.

https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_102053_7790e77cb86eaff8c03b69efc05e1064.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Journal of History of Literature 2008-7349 14 2 2021 12 22 A Critique of Two Critical Editions of Khaju Kermani’s Gol o Nowruz A Critique of Two Critical Editions of Khaju Kermani’s Gol o Nowruz 85 112 102239 10.52547/hlit.2022.220635.1017 FA Nasrin Setayesh Ph.D. candidate, Persian Language and Literature, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Mohsen Mohammadi Fesharaki Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Journal Article 2021 02 10 Gol o Nowruz, the romantic masnavi of Khaju Kermani, the prominent and creative poet of the eighth century AH, has been critically edited for the first time by Kamal Eini and afterward by Saeed Niaz Kermani. These two critical editions have several shortcomings and problems that have been addressed in this study. The key shortcoming of their works lies is the absence of methodology; they have not adopted a specific method for editing the text of the available manuscripts. Moreover, neglecting the stylistic features of the text, the meanings of the words and verses, and the story’s narration has caused misreadings of this valuable text. Although Niaz Kermani has overcome some of the shortcomings of Kamal Eini’s work, his edition has its errors and inadequacies. In the present study, by a descriptive-analytical method, the two critical editions of Gol o Nowruz have been criticized. The flaws of both critical editions show that this valuable text requires a new and scientific critical edition Gol o Nowruz, the romantic masnavi of Khaju Kermani, the prominent and creative poet of the eighth century AH, has been critically edited for the first time by Kamal Eini and afterward by Saeed Niaz Kermani. These two critical editions have several shortcomings and problems that have been addressed in this study. The key shortcoming of their works lies is the absence of methodology; they have not adopted a specific method for editing the text of the available manuscripts. Moreover, neglecting the stylistic features of the text, the meanings of the words and verses, and the story’s narration has caused misreadings of this valuable text. Although Niaz Kermani has overcome some of the shortcomings of Kamal Eini’s work, his edition has its errors and inadequacies. In the present study, by a descriptive-analytical method, the two critical editions of Gol o Nowruz have been criticized. The flaws of both critical editions show that this valuable text requires a new and scientific critical edition

https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_102239_a81c74c5d7c492467cad5663384ea0af.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Journal of History of Literature 2008-7349 14 2 2021 12 22 Analysis of the Factors for the Entry of Iranian-Semitic Eclectic Narratives into the National History of Iranians Analysis of the Factors for the Entry of Iranian-Semitic Eclectic Narratives into the National History of Iranians 113 130 102155 10.52547/hlit.2022.223016.1056 FA Mohammad ََAbdi PhD candidate, Persian language and literature, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran Touraj Daryaee Professor, History Department, University of California, Irvine, USA Journal Article 2021 08 01 The purpose of this article is to discover and identify the factors influencing what can be considered as causes in the entry of eclectic narratives into the course of Iranian national history. We mean those narratives that have emerged through the integration of Indo-European and Semitic-Islamic characters. First, while criticizing previous scholars who mainly considered the reasons for the entry of these narrations to be related to the pre-Islamic period and the influence of Jews and Christians, this study has noted that there is no evidence of such narrations in Middle Persian and nationalist sources until the Islamic era. In addition, the research emphasizes the replacement of Islam as an alternative to the old religion. Consequently, the assessment of the chronology of events in the ancient world, based on the history of ancient Iran on the one hand and the legitimation of the personalities and traditions of the Semitic tribes on the other hand as the underlying causes that have led to the revelation of the contradictions of these two traditions in the cases of the “first man”, the division of tribes, prophecy, and monarchy. In conclusion, the research has considered the eclectic narratives made up of these two narrative currents as the solution of Muslim historians and genealogists to eliminate contradictions. The purpose of this article is to discover and identify the factors influencing what can be considered as causes in the entry of eclectic narratives into the course of Iranian national history. We mean those narratives that have emerged through the integration of Indo-European and Semitic-Islamic characters. First, while criticizing previous scholars who mainly considered the reasons for the entry of these narrations to be related to the pre-Islamic period and the influence of Jews and Christians, this study has noted that there is no evidence of such narrations in Middle Persian and nationalist sources until the Islamic era. In addition, the research emphasizes the replacement of Islam as an alternative to the old religion. Consequently, the assessment of the chronology of events in the ancient world, based on the history of ancient Iran on the one hand and the legitimation of the personalities and traditions of the Semitic tribes on the other hand as the underlying causes that have led to the revelation of the contradictions of these two traditions in the cases of the “first man”, the division of tribes, prophecy, and monarchy. In conclusion, the research has considered the eclectic narratives made up of these two narrative currents as the solution of Muslim historians and genealogists to eliminate contradictions.

https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_102155_def74146ff0619db8ef95d7d5512a1af.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Journal of History of Literature 2008-7349 14 2 2021 12 22 A Study on Unusual and Rare Words in Muṣarraḥat ul-ʼasmāʼ Dictionary A Study on Unusual and Rare Words in Muṣarraḥat ul-ʼasmāʼ Dictionary 131 160 102266 10.52547/hlit.2022.226364.1109 FA Fateme Kouppa Professor‚ Department of Persian Language and Literature‚ Payame Noor University‚ Tehran‚ Iran Hoseyn Yazdani Associate Professor‚ Department of Persian Language and Literature‚ Payame Noor University‚ Tehran‚ Iran Morteza HajiMozdarani Assistant Professor‚ Department of Persian Language and Literature‚ Payame Noor University‚ Tehran‚ Iran Masume Aminiyan Ph.D. candidate, Persian Language and Literature‚ Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran 0009-0007-4403-8595 Journal Article 2022 03 08 Muṣarraḥat ul-ʼasmāʼ is an Arabic to Persian bi-lingual dictionary compiled in the ninth century AH (۱٥ century AD). This dictionary is significant in terms of unusual and rare words, compound pronunciation, and meanings of the words. The present article introduces more than ۱۰۰ of these words with few explanations and evidence from other texts, based on data collected from accessible linguistic corpora. These words are classified according to being common in ancient texts, having rare pronunciations, bearing rare meanings, their special use in Muṣarraḥat ul-ʼasmāʼ, and their adherence to previous dictionaries. The findings of this study on Muṣarraḥat ul-ʼasmāʼ indicate the frequency and the use of unusual words, their phonetic changes, and linguistic alterations in the ninth century AH. Moreover, recordings of some words of this dictionary can help to read and record the vague words of other ancient texts correctly. In this research, a suitable platform has been provided for researchers in the fields of philology, semantics, lexicography, stylistics, vocabulary seletion, and so on Muṣarraḥat ul-ʼasmāʼ is an Arabic to Persian bi-lingual dictionary compiled in the ninth century AH (۱٥ century AD). This dictionary is significant in terms of unusual and rare words, compound pronunciation, and meanings of the words. The present article introduces more than ۱۰۰ of these words with few explanations and evidence from other texts, based on data collected from accessible linguistic corpora. These words are classified according to being common in ancient texts, having rare pronunciations, bearing rare meanings, their special use in Muṣarraḥat ul-ʼasmāʼ, and their adherence to previous dictionaries. The findings of this study on Muṣarraḥat ul-ʼasmāʼ indicate the frequency and the use of unusual words, their phonetic changes, and linguistic alterations in the ninth century AH. Moreover, recordings of some words of this dictionary can help to read and record the vague words of other ancient texts correctly. In this research, a suitable platform has been provided for researchers in the fields of philology, semantics, lexicography, stylistics, vocabulary seletion, and so on

https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_102266_a93b34a191c56c0a804d480ee131c172.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Journal of History of Literature 2008-7349 14 2 2021 12 22 Peace and Tolerance in the Thoughts of Rumi and Attar In Comparison with Mulla Sadra’s Pacifist Approach Peace and Tolerance in the Thoughts of Rumi and Attar In Comparison with Mulla Sadra’s Pacifist Approach 161 184 102159 10.52547/hlit.2022.223733.1066 FA Pravin Kooshki Ph.D. candidate, Persian language and literature, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Ali Mohammad Moazzeni Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Jafar Javadi Arjmand Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, University of Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2021 09 15 Peace is one of the human concerns which has been a significant concept in mystical literature and philosophical ideas. In the works of Attar and Rumi, two prominent Iranian poets, peace-seeking has been introduced and reflected as a social need to eliminate grudges and enmities. Mulla Sadra, the famous Iranian philosopher, also paid special attention to the concept of peace and tolerance. This article, with a descriptive-analytical method, studies the concept of peace-seeking in the works of Attar and Rumi and compares it with the philosophical view of Mulla Sadra on peace. It aims to examine the level of convergence and disagreement between Attar and Rumi’s Sufi views and Mulla Sadra’s philosophical approach to peace, as well as the possibility of linking their views. The result shows that pacifism as a social current in the works of Attar and Rumi under the title of “inner peace” and “total peace” has constant stability. With a Sufi attitude, Attar and Rumi have invited people to achieve inner peace and total peace on the basis of mystical experience (discovery and intuition) and in the light of moral virtues such as love, tolerance, contentment, and goodness. Mulla Sadra has also considered the manifestations of peace as the means to attain the position of “perfect man”; but the foundation of peace in Sadra’s philosophy, unlike the above-mentioned poets, is based on theoretical rationality with a moderate and justice-oriented approach, and he considers security in social life as a necessary factor for achieving peace. Peace is one of the human concerns which has been a significant concept in mystical literature and philosophical ideas. In the works of Attar and Rumi, two prominent Iranian poets, peace-seeking has been introduced and reflected as a social need to eliminate grudges and enmities. Mulla Sadra, the famous Iranian philosopher, also paid special attention to the concept of peace and tolerance. This article, with a descriptive-analytical method, studies the concept of peace-seeking in the works of Attar and Rumi and compares it with the philosophical view of Mulla Sadra on peace. It aims to examine the level of convergence and disagreement between Attar and Rumi’s Sufi views and Mulla Sadra’s philosophical approach to peace, as well as the possibility of linking their views. The result shows that pacifism as a social current in the works of Attar and Rumi under the title of “inner peace” and “total peace” has constant stability. With a Sufi attitude, Attar and Rumi have invited people to achieve inner peace and total peace on the basis of mystical experience (discovery and intuition) and in the light of moral virtues such as love, tolerance, contentment, and goodness. Mulla Sadra has also considered the manifestations of peace as the means to attain the position of “perfect man”; but the foundation of peace in Sadra’s philosophy, unlike the above-mentioned poets, is based on theoretical rationality with a moderate and justice-oriented approach, and he considers security in social life as a necessary factor for achieving peace.

https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_102159_f76e4c893be564145bf424ee97d27e55.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Journal of History of Literature 2008-7349 14 2 2021 12 22 Saadi: A Man from Iranshahr A Study on the Reflection of Iranshahri Thought in Saadi’s Works Saadi: A Man from Iranshahr A Study on the Reflection of Iranshahri Thought in Saadi’s Works 185 206 102267 10.52547/hlit.2022.225880.1097 FA Mona Alimadadi Assistant Professor, Depatment of Persian Language and Literature, Gonbad Kavous University Journal Article 2022 02 03 Iranshahri Thought, particularly its political aspect, represents the system of thought that dominates the history of ancient Iran, which, despite all the changes, has continued in the Islamic period. In the surviving works of Persian literature, such as Kelileh va Demneh of Nasrollah Monshi, which is a fictional work, and Mersād al-ʻEbād of Najmoddin Rāzi, which has explained mystical views and Sufi etiquette, the reflections of the Iranshahri Thought can be clearly observed. Saadi is also a man from Iranshahr who, despite studying Islamic sciences in the Nezamiyye and being influenced by the Sufi thoughts, in his works, Golestan and Bustan, he manifested the ideas of Iranshahri Thought. The present study shows that all the components of Iranshahri Thought, including having a hierarchal view of the universe (especially of the human community), considering the king as the leader in the hierarchy of society, knowing the kingdom as divine and believing in Farr-e Izadi (divine royal glory) of the king, considering his opinion and speech as the law, the need to fulfill the duties (khishkāri), the distinct concept of justice, repeated advice to adhere the virtue of moderation, satisfaction and contentment with what the cosmic order has given man, and finally, considering religion and kingdom as a united concept are evident in Saadi’s works Iranshahri Thought, particularly its political aspect, represents the system of thought that dominates the history of ancient Iran, which, despite all the changes, has continued in the Islamic period. In the surviving works of Persian literature, such as Kelileh va Demneh of Nasrollah Monshi, which is a fictional work, and Mersād al-ʻEbād of Najmoddin Rāzi, which has explained mystical views and Sufi etiquette, the reflections of the Iranshahri Thought can be clearly observed. Saadi is also a man from Iranshahr who, despite studying Islamic sciences in the Nezamiyye and being influenced by the Sufi thoughts, in his works, Golestan and Bustan, he manifested the ideas of Iranshahri Thought. The present study shows that all the components of Iranshahri Thought, including having a hierarchal view of the universe (especially of the human community), considering the king as the leader in the hierarchy of society, knowing the kingdom as divine and believing in Farr-e Izadi (divine royal glory) of the king, considering his opinion and speech as the law, the need to fulfill the duties (khishkāri), the distinct concept of justice, repeated advice to adhere the virtue of moderation, satisfaction and contentment with what the cosmic order has given man, and finally, considering religion and kingdom as a united concept are evident in Saadi’s works

https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_102267_b9bdddec75b0e69ef4e14e5ea8a3fc15.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Journal of History of Literature 2008-7349 14 2 2021 12 22 The Necessity of Reprinting the Divan of Athir Akhsikati, Edited by Abbas Mahyar The Necessity of Reprinting the Divan of Athir Akhsikati, Edited by Abbas Mahyar 207 228 102240 10.52547/hlit.2022.226312.1106 FA Ahmad Behnami Assistant professor, Academy of Persian Language and Literature, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-0903-6566 Journal Article 2022 03 05 Athir Akhsikati was a prominent poet of the sixth century AH whose Divan was published firstly in 1958 and afterward in 2019. As well as the mentioned editions' Dr. Abbas Mahyar has edited the Divan for his doctoral thesis. Considering Mahyar’s field of study and the fact that he had dedicated many years of his life to researching and editing this Divan, his edition represents a step forward. But it was as late as 2020 that his edition was published by Homeira Zomorrodi. The present article studies this recent edition of Athir Akhsikati’s Divan and compares it with two other editions. Because of the errors existing in these editions, especially the recent one, the paper concludes that re-editing this Divan seems necessary Athir Akhsikati was a prominent poet of the sixth century AH whose Divan was published firstly in 1958 and afterward in 2019. As well as the mentioned editions' Dr. Abbas Mahyar has edited the Divan for his doctoral thesis. Considering Mahyar’s field of study and the fact that he had dedicated many years of his life to researching and editing this Divan, his edition represents a step forward. But it was as late as 2020 that his edition was published by Homeira Zomorrodi. The present article studies this recent edition of Athir Akhsikati’s Divan and compares it with two other editions. Because of the errors existing in these editions, especially the recent one, the paper concludes that re-editing this Divan seems necessary

https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_102240_3f45e9de093d5b850e426e7977714196.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Journal of History of Literature 2008-7349 14 2 2021 12 22 A Reflection on the Diverse Allusions to Shahnameh in the Works of the Literary Return (Bazgasht-e Adabi) Poets A Reflection on the Diverse Allusions to Shahnameh in the Works of the Literary Return (Bazgasht-e Adabi) Poets 229 252 102148 10.52547/hlit.2022.221945.1037 FA Sadegh Arshi Ph.D. of Persian Language and Literature, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-1203-0990 Mostafa Gorji Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Payame Noor University, Mazandaran, Iran Ayoub Moradi Associate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2021 05 14 Because of the significance of Shahnameh, its popularity increased during the period of Literary Return (Bazgasht-e Adabi). The poets of this period tried to resemble their works in terms of style, theme, language, and rhetoric to the poetry of prodigious poets, specifically Ferdowsi. This paper aims to study, with the analytic-descriptive approach, the allusions to Shahnameh in five divans of prominent poets of this period/school, Sohbat Lāri, Fath-Ali Khan Sabā, Qāʼāni Shirazi, Soroush Esfahani, and Dāvari Shirazi. Studying the five divans reveals that the aforementioned poets have allusions to Shahnameh in terms of imagery, panegyric, the artistic structure, the instructive and exemplary stories, mentioning poet’s personal status with the help of shahnameh stories, using shahnameh references in the parable form, and employing its narrative capacities in Shariteh of Qasideh (the prayer for the praised person in the ode). Comparing the frequency of allusions to Shahnameh in the five divans shows that Qāʼāni has used the most and Dāvari the fewest allusions amongst the five poets Because of the significance of Shahnameh, its popularity increased during the period of Literary Return (Bazgasht-e Adabi). The poets of this period tried to resemble their works in terms of style, theme, language, and rhetoric to the poetry of prodigious poets, specifically Ferdowsi. This paper aims to study, with the analytic-descriptive approach, the allusions to Shahnameh in five divans of prominent poets of this period/school, Sohbat Lāri, Fath-Ali Khan Sabā, Qāʼāni Shirazi, Soroush Esfahani, and Dāvari Shirazi. Studying the five divans reveals that the aforementioned poets have allusions to Shahnameh in terms of imagery, panegyric, the artistic structure, the instructive and exemplary stories, mentioning poet’s personal status with the help of shahnameh stories, using shahnameh references in the parable form, and employing its narrative capacities in Shariteh of Qasideh (the prayer for the praised person in the ode). Comparing the frequency of allusions to Shahnameh in the five divans shows that Qāʼāni has used the most and Dāvari the fewest allusions amongst the five poets

https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_102148_72bd9cba3fd164557511ee6eb8e16c5d.pdf

Shahid Beheshti University Journal of History of Literature 2008-7349 14 2 2021 12 22 Content Analysis of Discourse in the Novels: Iranian Dawn and Love and the Incomplete Woman Content Analysis of Discourse in the Novels: Iranian Dawn and Love and the Incomplete Woman 253 278 102160 10.52547/hlit.2022.208115.0 FA Shirzad Tayefi Associate professor, Department of Persian language and literature, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-2773-3074 Haniyeh Hajitabar MA in Persian Language and Literature, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2020 06 28 Bakhtin, one of the leading literary theorists of the twentieth century, has been focused on novel among all forms of prose. Dialogism is one of the basic concepts of Bakhtin’s theories. According to him, the novel is a field of manifestation of various voices that generate meaning and value in relation to each other. Understanding these voices reveals new hidden layers of text. Bakhtin calls this multi-voiced reality “polyphony”, which represents the ideology and mentality of the speaker. Therefore, in this research, with the help of qualitative analysis and library studies, two novels by Amirhassan Cheheltan, Iranian Dawn and Love and the Incomplete Woman, are analyzed with a dialogic approach, regarding their components of dialogism such as stylization, observing the appropriate language of the characters, the combination of voices, intertextuality, grotesque, open ending, and uncertainty. The present paper concludes that the author’s use of several discourses in Iranian Dawn and Love and the Incomplete Woman has given them a polyphonic character. In fact, the author has been successful in presenting the content of his stories in a dialogical context with the high frequency of using these elements of dialogism, and he has strengthened polyphony in these two novels Bakhtin, one of the leading literary theorists of the twentieth century, has been focused on novel among all forms of prose. Dialogism is one of the basic concepts of Bakhtin’s theories. According to him, the novel is a field of manifestation of various voices that generate meaning and value in relation to each other. Understanding these voices reveals new hidden layers of text. Bakhtin calls this multi-voiced reality “polyphony”, which represents the ideology and mentality of the speaker. Therefore, in this research, with the help of qualitative analysis and library studies, two novels by Amirhassan Cheheltan, Iranian Dawn and Love and the Incomplete Woman, are analyzed with a dialogic approach, regarding their components of dialogism such as stylization, observing the appropriate language of the characters, the combination of voices, intertextuality, grotesque, open ending, and uncertainty. The present paper concludes that the author’s use of several discourses in Iranian Dawn and Love and the Incomplete Woman has given them a polyphonic character. In fact, the author has been successful in presenting the content of his stories in a dialogical context with the high frequency of using these elements of dialogism, and he has strengthened polyphony in these two novels

https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_102160_96c64d30e07b92b9bc0569160ae219a9.pdf