Recognition of the Role and Position of Ghulaman in Ghaznavid Power Structure Based on Bayhaqi’s History
جمیله
اخیانی
دانشگاه زنجان
author
نرگس
احمدی
دانشگاه زنجان
author
text
article
2014
per
The issue of Ghulaman and their role in politics and society is one of the issues raised during the Ghaznavid era. In Bayhaqi’s History, which is one of the most valuable and reliable sources of this era, there is a lot of talk about ghulaman and especially a group of those called Ghulaman-e Sarai but until now no precise definition of them has been given. The definitions of dictionaries in are incorrect or incomplete, and most of the commentators have simply passed this issue. This article has tried to provide a more accurate picture of this group and their role in the Ghaznavid court, thereby helping to reform the definitions of dictionaries and commentations Bayhaqi’s History and to clarify another part of how political power was structured in the Ghaznavid period.
Literature History
Shahid Beheshti University
2008-7349
7
v.
2
no.
2014
5
18
https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_98813_2255e781a054bf5d85fa2a5a92e9fa47.pdf
Review of Molavi’s fables in Divan-I Shams
چنور
برهانی
دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
author
text
article
2014
per
Narrative allegory is a story with two meanings: a preliminary meaning and secondary meaning that lies beneath the surface layer. Fable is a type of allegory, and consists of a short story which is intended to convey a moral lesson. In Fable, characters are often animals. But inanimate objects, humans and gods may also appear in it. Fable has also been used in Persian mystical parables to express the concepts of theoretical mysticism and the instructions of practical mysticism. One of the artistic aspects of Rumi's work in Divan-I Shams is the use of narrative allegories. There are 14 fables among these narrative allegations. There are two types of fables in terms of processing methodology: 1. Fables with fictional action (6), 2. fables in the form of a conversation or stage story (8). In both categories, the plot and action of the story is very simple and primitive. All fables contains two characters and two to seven actions. The narrator in mostly omniscient and the point of view is external. The tone of most fables is satirical. 4 of his fables are moral-mystical allegory and 10 of his fables are Thought allegory. In the thought allegories , Rumi has described the theoretical mysticism, the Quranic concept of kindness and the theological concept of acquisition.
Literature History
Shahid Beheshti University
2008-7349
7
v.
2
no.
2014
19
44
https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_98815_eaf309aae760e53a3a57d7dba8011955.pdf
The inner texture of the metonymy
منصور
ثروت
دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران
author
text
article
2014
per
So far, rhetorical scholars have more investigated metonymy in terms of formal structure and have not thought about its inner texture. However, the study from this perspective can not only reveal its inner context, but also clarifies the various cultural, social, and political factors that play a role in this context. The importance of such study is that through such deep exploration language can be seen as a living and dynamic tool that, along with fundamental socio-economic changes transforms itself to meet new needs، new senses and new ideas.
Literature History
Shahid Beheshti University
2008-7349
7
v.
2
no.
2014
45
60
https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_98817_d3623b832b156821864f47d570f48cc1.pdf
New Points on the textual criticism of Jame al-Hekmatin by Mohammad Moeen and Henri Corbin based on a single version of Ayasofiya
بهمن
خلیفه بناروانی
دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی(ره)
author
رضا
سمیع زاده
دانشگاه بین المللی امام خمینی(ره)
author
text
article
2000
per
The book of Jame al-Hekmatin by Nasir Khusraw is one of the Persian writings in the fifth century AH. This book is based on a Persian Ode by Khawaja Abolhaytham Gorgani in which philosophical, theological, logical, natural and ... Questions are asked. Nasir Khusraw wrote the book at the request of Ali b. al-Asad, the emir of Badakhshan, and answered the questions raised in the ode based on the viewpoints of two groups, philosophers and Ismaili Scholars. Only one version of this book is known, and is kept at the Aya Sophia Library in Istanbul، Turkey. The only revision of the book was first done in 1332 AH by Mohammad Moein and Henri Carbon, based on the very version obtained. In this article، after re-confronting the very version with the revisioned text، some corrections and new suggestions are presented to the readers.
Literature History
Shahid Beheshti University
2008-7349
7
v.
2
no.
2000
61
92
https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_98819_7b5341faf12263d45b5635afd9be0d9f.pdf
.A Study of the Manuscript of Aya Sofiyeh from the Tafsir al-Tabari
کاظم
دزفولیان
دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
author
محسن
مشایخی فرد
دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
author
text
article
2000
per
In this article, the most prominent features of a valuable version of the book Tafsir al-Tabari which is kept in the library of the Mosque of Aya Sofia and some of its points such as the general features of the version, the deed of endowment of the manuscript and its date, the orthography of the scribe or scribes, as well as the linguistic characteristics of the prose of the version are examined. The research scope of this article includes the second half of the manuscript, from the beginning of Surah Maryam to the end of Surah al-Nas, by ignoring the section of the commentary, the translation of the verses is considered. It must be mentioned that this article is based on a CD containing the photographs that Mojtaba Minavi has provided to the Central Library of Tehran University.
Literature History
Shahid Beheshti University
2008-7349
7
v.
2
no.
2000
93
132
https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_98820_4d5e796eb52b3d3b30b11b62cfbb1ea0.pdf
.A Study of Attar's Thoughts on Knowledge and its comparison with Gnostic Ideas
سیّد علی
محمّد سجّادی
دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
author
فرشته
جعفری
دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
author
text
article
2000
per
Gnostic is a mystical religion which, although raised from Christianity, cannot be considered a pure Christian religion. This ritual includes various stages such as Manichaeism, Mandaeans, Simeon ritual, Valentin, Basilidis, Marcion, etc. The Gnosians had a dual view and believed the world was created by the evil God. The basic principle of Gnostic beliefs is that the human soul is captive in this world, and the way to salvation and liberation is to reach the Gnosis, which is brought to man by divine messengers, such knowledge is reached the heart, not the mind. This belief in Islamic mysticism is also considered as one of the most important and fundamental points and there is a lot of similarity in the viewpoint of Gnosticism and Islam. In the works of great mystic poets like Attar, signs of Gnostic beliefs can be found.
Literature History
Shahid Beheshti University
2008-7349
7
v.
2
no.
2000
133
150
https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_98822_5630fa9fb829c2395907946c2763857f.pdf
.TheConnection between Daqooqi Story and Rumi's lived Experiences
قدرت الله
طاهری
دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
author
text
article
2000
per
Daquqi story is one of the most mysterious Sufi stories of Eastern literature, and reports a transcendent experience. Its symbolic aspects have imposed ambiguity to the extent of enigmatic on the story. Like many other Masnavi's symbolic stories، this story has multiple layers of meaning and is prone to different readings. Almost all the Masnavi commentators, both those who consider the story unrelated to the experiences of its narrator (Rumi) or those who have seen some strains of Rumi's intuitive experience in it, have all interpreted the story based on the principles of theoretical mysticism, especially Ibn Arabi's theory of Wahdat al-mawjud. All these interpretations can be considerable. Therefore, reading the story based on Rumi's lived experiences in this research does not in any way negate the mystical interpretations. It seems that in the narration of this story, three intertwined experiences and a dreamlike text have been created simultaneously Rumi's wish to meet Shams Tabrizi again and Shams' wish to meet the valiyollah and the horrifying invasion of the Mongol army and the salvation of people from this sudden disaster, on the other hand, constitute the first pillar of this story. The teachings and experiences of mystical discovery and intuition are also included in the story. The third experience, which is one of Rumi's learned experiences, is his extensive and accurate awareness of the Eastern literary tradition which allows him to enter into a literary dialogue with thousands of literary treasures, so that in this story, with two Quranic narrations of the life of Prophet Moses literary dialogue is interpreted, according to Bakhtin.
Literature History
Shahid Beheshti University
2008-7349
7
v.
2
no.
2000
151
172
https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_98824_51b7f8a9e03df6e14c5d1f719575ae5c.pdf
.Quality of Persian Poetry Style in 12th Century AH
سیّد احمد
عقیلی
دانشگاه سیستان وبلوچستان
author
text
article
2000
per
In the Safavid era, the literary trend of Iran was based on the Indian style. There are various and sometimes contradictory views on this style from the mid-twelfth century (the age of Zand) to these days. Some know it as the period of literary decline. In this article، we explain the quality of Persian poetry in the twelfth century. The second half of this century is known as the period of literary evolution. Studying the historical context and conditions of this literary evaluation is an important research issue. The study and analysis of the weaknesses and strengths of literary currents in this century is another research issue of this article. Notable points in this article are: the historical period in which this literary current is forming and developing; the characteristics of poetry and literary texts of the twelfth century; the quality and duration of the Indian style; the characteristics and influences of Bazgasht that have continued to the contemporary period; and prominent representatives of every style and quality of the poems of this century.
Literature History
Shahid Beheshti University
2008-7349
7
v.
2
no.
2000
173
198
https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_98826_b4d66f9b0c62a24e9aa6864cb132a7ca.pdf
.The position of woman in Nizami’s and Chaucer’s works: Shirin and Criseyde
نیلوفر
همت یار
دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران
author
کیان
سهیل
دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران
author
text
article
2000
per
Since one of the options to study the position of women in the national culture of each country is to refer to literary texts, this article compares Khosrow and Shirin by Nezami,to Troilus and Criseyde by Chaucer and by expressing the similarities and differences in them, seeks to recreate the image of women in these two works. Both poets are of great importance in the history of their country's literature. Chaucer, is known as the father of English literature and the Prophet of Love, and Nizami is known as a great author of the sermons and romance stories, to the extent that other authors are influenced by his style. Considering the importance of these two poets, their views on the role of women, particularly in that patriarchal system are considerable. The important thing is the end of the stories. Evidence from the stories shows that Shirin’s Loyalty in love, perseverance and sacrifice make her a role model and a good woman. But by betraying Troilus and joining Diomede, Criseyde becomes a traitorous woman. Nizami fights the dominant culture in his work and has a view on women that is not very much in line with the feudal society of those days; While Chaucer has a sarcastic view. The main similarities of these stories are in the plot, theme and characterization. The earthly love, Shapur and Pendrus as intermediary characters, the death of the male character, Farhad and Diomed who fall in love with female characters, obstacles, separations, disloyalty and advice are to name.
Literature History
Shahid Beheshti University
2008-7349
7
v.
2
no.
2000
199
216
https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_98828_cd90fd6230ea8a8ccd01794fe21bdb43.pdf