A look at the trend of folk tales in the Safavid era with the focus on Romouz-e Hamzeh
منیره
احمد سلطانی
عضوهیئت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران مرکز
author
text
article
2013
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The official language and literature of Iran with Dari Persian language has existed in poetry and prose. This literature has always covered the two main social strata, the literate and the commoners. In addition to official literature devoted to literate, folk literature in the field of poetry and prose, also addressed the commoners. Due to the lack of literacy among the audience of folk literature, most of these works were not written. However, its examples have also been used in the form of religious ballads, poems, and popular and national compositions. The breadth of folk literature was such that even some of our literary masterpieces, such as Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, were very popular among the commoners. In the field of folk prose literature, considering that such works are based on common imagination they have been narrated or reconstructed with their rich themes that are based on the character of national or religious heroes. Although these works belong to the commoners, they have a great artistic value. In this paper, the trend of folk tales in the Safavid era, which is its peak point, is evaluated and investigated by its themes. Considering the common themes in most of these works, by charting and examining a story from this almost extensive collection (Hamznameh), it is tried to review in a way that the rest of the stories be covered.
Literature History
Shahid Beheshti University
2008-7349
6
v.
2
no.
2013
https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_98784_670c126fa2b8513a9efc57143080e1c7.pdf
A Study of the Views of Tarikh al-Ya'qubi on Mani and Manichaeism
ابوالقاسم
اسماعیل پور
دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
author
ناهید
مهرافروز
دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
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text
article
2013
per
Tarikh al-Ya'qubi is one of the books written in the first centuries of Islam, in parts of which some historical and social events in Mani’s era are mentioned. Manichaeism ، founded by Mani, an intellectual tendency and at the same time a social movement in the 3rd century AD, was an extract from the prevailing beliefs of his time and the time before him. This ritual was a compilation of various thoughts including Christianity, Gnostic views, old Babylonian beliefs, Buddhist philosophy, and Iranian Zoroastrian and non-Zoroastrian beliefs that reached the Islamic era. This religion, whose founder claims is universal, was confronted with events that led it to a different path than a universal religion. . These events were influenced by the religious forces of the time, particularly Zoroastrianism. In this study, by examining the views of Tarikh al-Ya'qubi on Mani and the events of his time, these events and also the status of religion in his era is discussed.
Literature History
Shahid Beheshti University
2008-7349
6
v.
2
no.
2013
https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_98783_500288d3f46af92dbb0c120c6e8aed91.pdf
Reflections of Myth and Mani’s ritual on Christianity
عیسی
امن خانی
دانشگاه گلستان
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وحید
رویانی
دانشگاه گلستان
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text
article
2013
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Mani is one of the prophets of ancient Iran who founded the Gnostic and universal religion of Manichaeism. He was born on April 14, 216, from a father from Hamedan and a Parthian mother in Assyria in Mesopotamia. From a young age, he devoted his life to Manichaeism propaganda. By 277, with the efforts of Mani Manichaeism was able to reach the West to Syria, Saudi Arabia, the Balkans, Africa, Spain, Italy, and so on. It expands and reaches east to the Indian Ocean and the China Sea Eventually, Mani's successes worried Zoroastrian priests so much that they provoked Bahram Shah to imprison Mani. However, when he died in prison at the age of sixty, he had written many books and established a global ritual that had many followers around the world. One such person is St. Augustine, who was a Manichaean Newshun for about ten years. Even after accepteing Christianity he retained Manichaean duality. The aim of the paper is to prove that Augustine used the Manichaean worldview to lay the foundation of his political philosophy.
Literature History
Shahid Beheshti University
2008-7349
6
v.
2
no.
2013
https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_98781_b47193098898d33991845a9dcc69ab77.pdf
Nima's New Approach to Nature
علی محمّد
باتوانی
دانشجوی دکتری زبان و ادبیات فارسی
author
text
article
2013
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Approximately of the 185 titles of Nima's poems, two-thirds of them are directly inspired by nature. Nature must therefore be considered as the mirror of his whole thoughts. Among the three types of descriptive, imitative and authoritative naturalism, Nima's approach to nature is of authoritative type. In this kind of naturalism, the poet is associated with nature. Therefore, Nima can be considered a poet who is so mixed with nature that he does not think himself separate from it.
Literature History
Shahid Beheshti University
2008-7349
6
v.
2
no.
2013
https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_98779_75139509db58bb24c4283985b1769df7.pdf
A Study of Rumi's Eloquence in Divan-I Shams
چنور
برهانی
دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
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text
article
2013
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The scholars of Arabic and Persian rhetoric have considered eloquence as the main feature of rhetoric. Eloquence is concerned with the Word, the speech and the Speaker. To be considered eloquent the word must be free of four flaws: the repetition of letters, the strangeness of use, the disapproval of the analogy, and the unpleasantness of the hearing. On the other hand, according to Russian formalists, defamiliarization of standard language makes literary speech. One of the ways to make the speech prominent is norm-breaking. But the point is that phonetic, grammatical, temporal, stylistic, dialectal and lexical norm-breakings are the instances of rhetorical flaws.Most of these defamiliarizations have musical value in Divan-l Shams. In addition to examining the Russian formalists' confrontation with rhetorical scholars, this paper by providing statistical analysis illustrates the artistic value of above norm-breakings.
Literature History
Shahid Beheshti University
2008-7349
6
v.
2
no.
2013
https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_98777_35307e5fd01615e388d44ef8d46b49eb.pdf
Biography of Etesir al-Din Umani
محمّدرضا
پاشایی
دانشگاه آزاد واحد علوم و تحقیقات
author
text
article
2013
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Athir al-Din Umani is one of the poets of the 6th and 7th centuries AH and his only remnant work is his Divan. The main content of his Divan is eulogy or satire. Since his poem is somewhere between Khorasani style and Iraqi style, and also because of inclusion the standard language of his time, various historical and literary references, and the presence of various elements of his poetry, as well as the the poet's anonymity, writing a biography of him is necessary and somewhat helpful to solve many problems of Divans of his contemporaneous poets. This article, while examining the Divan of Athir al-Din Umani, discusses and extracts points about his life which has been either hidden from literary historians and biographers or has not been carefully studied.
Literature History
Shahid Beheshti University
2008-7349
6
v.
2
no.
2013
https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_98776_6aafb1e7bee867cea21beb4d879d5e07.pdf
The Trend of Power and Its Damage from Myth to Epic in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh
فاطمه
پاکرو
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات
author
text
article
2013
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In general, in epics, the confrontation of heroes and personalities rests on power. In many cases, the gods have direct involvement in the saber rattling, and in other cases act through mediators. Heroes and kings, who do not have enough wisdom along with power or have lost it to demons, tend to ignorance. The greed which is the most important damage of ignorance turns power into a catastrophic disaster for the characters themselves and society as well. In this research, after explaining the theoretical foundations of power, the historical trend of power from myth to epic in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh has been investigated.
Literature History
Shahid Beheshti University
2008-7349
6
v.
2
no.
2013
https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_98774_d8f5c14b050debbb9788ae49b6a6b390.pdf
Abd Allah ibn Muqaffa and the addition of Manichaean thoughts to Kelila and Demna
فرانک
جهانگرد
پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی
author
text
article
2013
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One of the points that Abu Reihan al-Biruni has raised in the book of Tahqiq ma li-l-hind is the tendency or belief of Ibn al-Mugaffa to Mani and the Manichaean tradition and Manichaean beliefs finding their way through the translation of Kalila and Demna to the book. What he said started extensive research, mostly based on textual factors. However, the study of metatextual factors will yield other results, such as: the link of those who contributed to the translation of Kalila and Demna or their encouragers with the Manichaean religion, the infiltration of Kalila and Demna in Sughd and transoxiana, and the long-standing continuity of the land with the Manichaeans and, most importantly, the detailed information of Abu Reihan of the principles of Manichaeans. In addition to these، the interconnectedness of Manichaeism with Buddhism and the distinctiveness of Buddhist ideas in Kalile and Demna show that this work can also be considered by Manichaeans. Putting data together, it turns out that Kalila and Demne has been highly regarded by Manichaeans and accordingly, the point Abu Reihan raised was not unfounded.
Literature History
Shahid Beheshti University
2008-7349
6
v.
2
no.
2013
https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_98772_5ab0956a6bb0f64b84ea0421e556d54c.pdf
Naturalism and fable with a look at the works of Sadegh Chubak
عبدالله
حسن زاده میرعلی
author
معصومه
جمعه
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text
article
2013
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Among the world's writers naturalists care most about animals and objects. The attention of these authors to nature, the precise description of the environment and the events and personalities -with the emphasis that the environment has coercive and deterministic control over the events and personalities- is the reason for this attention. Nature, and especially animals, have long been considered in Iranian literary works. Animals have emerged in literary works in the form of literary fables. Fables are short tales that have symbolic, dramatic or moral conclusions. Among contemporary writers, Sadegh Chubak has taken advantage of the presence of animals in his stories and novels. The animals in his works are like humans, captive to the force of nature and subjugated by the constraint of the environment, but do not escape fate, and are obedient to destiny, and humans have their own way of behaving in dealing with these animals.
Literature History
Shahid Beheshti University
2008-7349
6
v.
2
no.
2013
https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_98770_7f9e3dce2a8e15f516790f77bd8c9508.pdf
An Introduction to Persian Language and Literature in the Indian Subcontinent and Pakistan
ابوالقاسم
رادفر
استاد پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی
author
text
article
2013
per
According to available evidence, the oldest cultural and literary connection between the two lands is undoubtedly the connection between Iran and India, which dates back to several thousand years. After the influence and expansion of Islam for various reasons, political, cultural, scientific, literary and artistic connections and significant transfers, the influence and expansion of Persian language and literature in the subcontinent increased, and the cultural, linguistic and literary life of Indians and Pakistanis countries underwent a profound change. To the extent that the power of Persian culture, language and literature reaches its peak and elevation in a period of the country's history, and Persian language becomes the language of politics, religion, literature and art, and generally different cultural manifestations. The author of this article tries to glimpse the history of Persian language and literature in India and Pakistan and lists its cultural, linguistic and literary manifestations.
Literature History
Shahid Beheshti University
2008-7349
6
v.
2
no.
2013
https://hlit.sbu.ac.ir/article_98768_58bda6ad79b8ee9f1af6d5d59875c0a5.pdf